სოციალ-დემოკრატები საქართველოს განვითარებისთვის

ganaTlebis xarisxi da skolis marTva

                                                                                                                 ზვიად მიმინოშვილი

dRes ganaTlebis politikis diversifikaciasa da profesionalizmisgan gandgomas vafiqsirebT. sistemis “eqstraordinalur warmatebebze” orientirebuli mesveurebi gaumarTlebel, dausabuTebel da upasuxismgeblo nabijebs dgamen.

“eqstraordinalebi” swavlebis xarisxis xelSewyobad sajaro skolebSi policiuri reJimis damyarebas asaReben. maTi damokidebuleba sajaro skolebisadmi calsaxaa: aq qaosia. sruli udisciplinoba da ganukiTxaoba. normaluri ganaTleba kerZo skolebSia SesaZlebeli. sulac araa aucilebeli yoveli arCevnebis win maswavlebelTa mravalaTasian eleqtoratze reveransebis keTeba. maswavleblebi uvargisebi arian da msoflio yuradRebis centrSi moqceul qveyanas arcxvenen. samarcxvino maswavleblebisa da skolebis Senaxva ki msoflio Tanamegobrobisgan aRiarebul elitarul mmarTvelobas mZime tvirTad awevs. sajaro skolebidan warmoudgenelia konkurentunariani da kvalificiuri kadrebis gamosvla.

Sesabamisad viRebT iseT mdgomareobas, sadac:

sabolood SeiZleba iTqvas, rom:

minda Sevexo ganaTlebis saministros mier mandaturebis institutis dasanergad warmoebuli ybadaRebul kampanias. aqve aRvniSnav, rom mandaturis institutis msgavsi aSS-Sic aris. Tumca aSS-s skolis dafinanseba 46 milion dolars Seadgens, saqarTveloSi ki – 168 510 dolars (300000 lari) Zlivs aRwevs. es ukanaskneli amerikuli skolebis dafinansebis 1%-ic ki ar aris (0.37 %). skolis mTliani dafinansebis 5% -is mandaturebis xelfasebad gacema swavlebis xarisxis da bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis sruli ignorirebis magaliTi SeiZleba iyos da meti araferi. xolo iq sadac 60 oboli, 80 socialurad daucveli, 24 ltolvili, 42 hiperaqtiuri, 10 inkluziuri, 40 sazRvargareT da 90 martoxela mSobelis (Tbilisis erT-erTi skolis monacemebi) bavSvi swavlobs amgvar danaxarjebs gamarTleba ar aqvs.

amasTan, roca masalisadmi damokidebuleba ganpirobebulia mxolod valdebulebiT da iZulebiT, is ar aris disciplinaruli. gulmodgineba marto gulmodginebisTvis ki aris marto disciplina. aseT rames adgili aqvs, roca mxolod disciplinis Rirebulebas da movaleobis grZnobas eZleva upiratesoba. es ewinaaRmdegeba swavlebis aqtiur meTodebsa da im Teoriebs, romlis gamoyenebac ase mniSvnelovania erovnul saswavlo gegmebSi warmodgenili Sedegebis misaRwevad.

disciplinisa da bavSvTa danaSaulobebis aSS-s skolebis statistika da zogadi mdgomareoba aseTia: ix. danarTi # 1

garda zemoT aRniSnuli saqmianobisa skolaSi warmatebuli marTvis utyuari garanti aris xarisxiani swavleba.

swavlebis xarisxis erToblivad marTva

dRevandel skolebSi, ise rogorc arasdros, aqtualuria swavlebis xarisxis erToblivad marTvis problema - saswavlo dawesebulebis yvela saorganizio procesis uwyveti ganviTarebis zogadorganizaciuli meTodi.

swavlebis xarisxis xelSewyobas Tanamedrove msoflioSi konkurentunariani da kvalificiuri kadrebis gamosavlenad sul ufro da ufro meti yuradReba eqceva. am mizniT yvela donis saganmanaTleblo struqturebi gamalebiT cdiloben zogadorganizaciuli meTodis damkvidrebiT xeli Seuwyon nebismieri organizebuli procesis uwyvet ganviTarebas. pirobiTad am meTods swavlebis xarisxis erToblivi marTvis meTods vuwodebT.

ramodenime aTeuli wlis winaT xarisxis erToblivi marTvis filosofia warmatebiT dainerga aSS-sa da iaponiaSi. dRes ki uamravi wamyvani firmisa da kompaniisaTvis uaRresad prestiJuli winswrafvis niSans warmoadgens.

xem-is mTavari idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom saganmanaTleblo centrebma unda izrunon ara marto maRalkvalificiuri da kompetenturi kursdamTavrebulebis gamoSvebaze, aramed am centrebSi saswavlo procesis maRalxarisxovnad warmarTvazec, pedagogiuri gundis saqmianobis CaTvliT. skolis swarfi da efeqturi ganviTareba ZiriTadad swored am sam burjs efuZneba:

xarisxi Semdegi kategoriebis mixedviT ganisazRvreba:L

xem-is principi mwvervalis dapyrobis paradigmiT SeiZleba gamoixatos. roca mTamsvleli mwvervalisken miiswrafis is zurgsac imagrebs (ase vTqvaT izRvevs), sayrdens poulobs da winidanac damzRvev bagirebs eWideba. amis kvalobaze xem-is realizebas zevidan `amoqaCvac~ da qvemodan `mowolac~ sWirdeba.

xem or xids aerTianebs: xarisxis kontrolis da xarisxis amaRlebis.

amaTgan pirveli, xarisxis kontroli, inarCunebs aucilebel xarisxs (simaRles mwvervalze asvlisas) da skolisaTvis garkveul garantias warmoadgens, rac mSobelsa da Tems skolaSi mimdinare saswavlo procesis mimarT rwmenas unergavs. meore, xarisxis amaRleba, varaudobs, rom xarisxi ara Tu unda SenarCundes, aramed unad amaRldes kidec, Sesabamisi garantiebis momatebiTac. am ori meqanizmis saSualebiT `mTamsvleli mwvervalebisken gzas agrZelebs~, anu mimdinareobs skolis uwyveti ganviTarebis procesi.

ra aris swavlebis xarisxis erToblivi marTva?

swavlebis xarisxis erToblivi marTva -  esaa marTvis stili, romelic mSoblis, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos TvalsazrisiT kvalificiur kursdamTavrebulebsa da swavla/swavlebis momsaxurebas gulisxmobs. xem esaa xarisxiT garantirebuli, damkveTze (mSobelze, sazogadoebaze, Temze) fokusirebuli, faqtebze dafuZnebuli, brZanebiT marTuli procesi. sxemi saqmianobis ganuwyveteli gaumjobesebis gziT saskolo miznebis gegmazomier miRwevazea orientirebuli. sxem-is principebi cnobilia rogorc `xarisxis sayovelTao gaumjobeseba~, `saerTaSoriso donis xarisxi~, `xarisxis uwyveti ganviTareba~, `momsaxurebis sayovelTao xarisxi~, `marTvis sayovelTao xarisxi~.

`marTvis sayovelTao xarisxSi~ sityva `sayovelTao~ aRniSnavs, rom mocemul proicesSi skolis yvela TanamSromeli unda CaerTos. `xarisxi~ mSoblisa da sazogadoebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas aRniSnavs, `marTva~ ki xarisxis gansazRvruli donis miRwevisaTvis aucilebeli mimarTebaa pedagogiuri gundisa da swavla/swavlebis procesisadmi.

marTvis sayovelTao xarisxi - araa programa. esaa sistematiuri, integrirebuli da organizebuli marTvis stili, romelic xarisxis ganuwyvetel zrdas isaxavs miznad. es araa `marTvis~ axireba. esaa droiT Semowmebuli marTvis stili, romelsac aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi mravali mowinave saswavlebeli iyenebs.

xem-is moqmedeba

arsebobs xem-is 14 universaluri principi.

14 universaluri principi

swavlebis xarisxis erTobliv marTvas swored es 14 principi gansazRvravs. skolis sasikvdilo xuTi sneulebis gansakurnav salbunadac es 14 wamali miiCneva.

xuTi sasikvdilo sneuleba

swavlebis xem-is warmatebiT gansaxorcieleblad aucilebelia xuTi sasikvdilo sneulebis likvidacia. Tu es ar moxdeba, isini daupirispirdebian TviT sxem-is ideas da TandaTanobiT skolas daRupaven.

xuTi sasikvdilo seni:

xem-s upiratesoba

mokle da xangrZlivvadiani sargebeli nebismieri marTvis stilSia. swavlebis xarisxis erToblivi marTva Sedegad ramodenime moklevadian sargebals aRmoacenebs, Tumca ZiriTadad igi xangrZlivvadian efeqts iZleva, romelic misi warmatebuli realizebis Semdeg igrZnoba. did skolebSi (1200-1500 bavSvi) ramdenime welia saWiro imisaTvis, rom xangrZlivvadian miznebs mivaRwioT.

grZelvadiani sargebelis miReba swavlebis xarisxis erToblivi marTvisgan marTlac aris mosalodneli. esenia:

Secdomebisagan Tavis aridebam da sworma moqmedebebma droisa da resursebis dazogva unda gamoiwvios. maSin ki fondebi da danazogebi momsaxurebis gafarToebasa da swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebaisken SeiZleba miimarTos.

xarisxis erTobloivi marTva enTuziazmis, iniciativebis waxalisebisa da pedagogiur da profesiul saqminobaSi premirebisa da dajildovebis gziT samsaxuriT miRebuli kmayofilebis atmosferos Seqmnas miesalmeba. Tu eqsperimentirebis procesSi daSvebuli Secdomebi profesiul ganviTarebad da gamocdilebis dagrovebad aRiqmeba, maSin pedagogi SemoqmedebiTad miudgeba axali ideebisa da iniciativebis gamovlenis saqmes. aseT SemTxvevaSi mTeli personali aqtiurad CaerTveba skolis ganviTarebisa da gardaqmnis procesSi.

“patar-patara” problemebis skolis administraciis TvalTagan moridebis da daSvebuli Secdomebis miCqmalvis nacvlad, pedagogiuri personali, maT meyseul gamoaSkaravebas da maTze meyseul reagirebas moTminebiT da mizandasaxulad uyurebs. maTi drouli gadawyvetiT samomavlod mosalodneli globaluri maStabis problemebis Tavidan acilebas cdilobs. Tu pedagogi xedavs, rom is skolis ganuyofeli da saWiro nawilia, samsaxuri damakmayofilebelia maSin TandaTanobiT ecdeba procesSi ufro da ufro kompetenturad, damajereblad da misi SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri realizebiT CaerTos.

swavlebis xarisxis erTobliv marTvaSi gamoiyeneba mbrZanebluri midgoma, romelic erTis mxriv kolegebs problemis mogvarebis gamocdilebas gadascems, meores mxriv ki - am gamocdilebis erToblivi muSaobis dros efeqturad gamoyenebis saSualebas aZlevs.  administrirebul-subordinirebul TanamSromlebs problemis mogvarebis garkveuli gamocdileba gaaCniaT, amitom maT SeuZliaT sferoTa (struqturul erTeulTa) TanakveTis arealSi warmoSobili problemebis mega-brZanebebis momzadebaSic miiRon monawileoba. es lokaluri gjufis gavlenis vels scildeba. sxem skolas problemebis mogvarebaSi did moqnilobas sZens, amasTan yvela TanamSromlis saqmianobis SromiT pasuxismgeblobasa da xarisxsac zrdis.

sxem skolis mogebis generatorad unda iqces. TviT midgoma ki ar iZleva am mogebas, aramed misi gegmazomieri da warmatebuli realizaciis procesi, romelic Tavis mxriv resursebis dazogvisa da danaxarjebis Semcirebis saSualebebs warmoaCens. sxem-isTvis aucilebelia rutinuli operaciebis Sesrulebac. marTali rom vTqvaT, skolisTvis, resursebisa (adamianuri, materialuri, droiTi) da saSualebebis danazogi ukve `mogebad~ unda ganvixiloT.

sxem marTvis avtoritaruli stilis winaaRmdeg

avtoritaruli marTvis stilis saTeveSi yovlisSemZle direqtori zis, romelic misdami daqvemdebarebuli personalisadmi zemoqmedebis yvelanair berkets flobs. avtoritaruli stilis ukmarisobaa adamianoba da pirovnuli mimzidveloba (ufro xSirad ki profesionalizmi). xarisxis erToblivi marTva gundis warmatebaze orientirebuli stilia, romelsac qarizmatuli lideri ganagebs. saukeTeso xarisxis misaRwevad is kolegebze saqmianobis procesSi zemoqmedebs. amgvarad skolas SeuZlia `moTxovnebisa da gakicxvis~ mankier wres Tavi daaRwios. sxem-is dros problemebSi aravin aravis brals ar sdebs. nacvlad amisa - mis gadaWras cdilobs.

naTelia, rom marTvis es ori stili diametralurad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. maTi ZiriTadi ganmasxvaveblebia:

ავტორიტარული მართვა	სქემა
problemis `swrafad mogvareba~	problemis grZelvadiani mogvareba
Zveli (nacadi) gziT svla	axali gzebisa da SemoqmedebiTi midgomebis kursi
resursebis kontrolireba funqciebis danawilebis gziT	resursebis optimizacia mTeli skolis maStabiT
adamianebze kontrolis damyareba	adamienebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobebis gadanawileba